Living things affect one another both positively as well as negatively, depending upon their interactions.
Positive effects:
Living things may interact in a mutualistic manner, where all the interacting species benefit. Butterflies pollinate flowers. This way, the butterflies get their nectar, while the flower is able to spread its pollen and potentially reproduce. Vultures clean up the rotting bodies of animals and help in the recycling of the nutrients by ingesting them. Decomposers also help in nutrient recycling, thereby making the nutrients available for other organisms.
Negative effects:
In a predator-prey relationship, the predator gains, while the prey loses. Thus, the presence of deer is beneficial for the wolf, but not the other way around. Many organisms also compete among each other for the same resources, such as shelter, food, etc. Since resources are limited, only some organisms will be able to get them. In this way, organisms negatively impact the lives of other organisms.
Hope this helps.
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