Brutus’s assassination of Julius Caesar was motivated by patriotism. He viewed Caesar as a threat to the republic. If Caesar had lived, Brutus feared (prodded by Cassius) that Caesar would become king, instigating a monarchical system that the Roman Republic had already rejected almost five hundred years previously.
Yet it was not Caesar that Brutus should have feared. It was the Roman people themselves, who were willing to make Caesar king. Their hero-worship of Caesar made them entertain the idea of discarding their freedom and their self-government in favor of this man who had done such great things. If it were not Caesar, they would have sought someone else, as indeed they did in allowing Octavius (Caesar Augustus) to become emperor, thus staring the Roman Empire that lasted another five hundred years. Against the people at large, Brutus had little chance of changing their minds. But not no chance. He was viewed as an influential speaker and could have potentially swayed the masses. Indeed, he tried this after Caesar’s death but Marc Antony came along and persuaded the people to oppose Brutus instead.
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