A manometer is a scientific instrument used to measure pressure in either air or liquids. At its most basic, it is a U-shaped tube that contains a liquid like water or mercury (in older instruments) in the U-bend. A pressure differential applied across the system will cause the liquid levels on either side of the U-bend to be uneven and the pressure applied to the system can be calculated from the measured distance between the two levels. A classic example is an old mercury barometer for measuring air pressure.
Manometers can be used today to measure pressures inside closed systems that involve either air or liquid flows. They are inexpensive to build and can be easily attached to pressure flow systems.
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