Can you give some examples of how perspective played an important role in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Atticus continually tries to teach Jem and Scout to consider the perspectives of others. In Chapter 3, Scout learns that people have different perspectives on things. And since Miss Caroline was from out of town, she couldn't be expected to know the families, social structure, and codes of Maycomb right away: 

Atticus said I had learned many things today, and Miss Caroline had learned several things herself. She had learned not to hand something to a Cunningham, for one thing, but if Walter and I had put ourselves in her shoes we’d have seen it was an honest mistake on her part. 

In Chapter 16, we have this recurring idea of putting yourself in another person's shoes again. In Chapter 15, Scout, Jem, and Dill put themselves between Atticus and the mob outside of the jail. Scout's persistence in befriending Walter Cunningham Sr. makes Walter think of his son, and this makes him think of Atticus' own relation to his children. In Chapter 16, Atticus explains how this helped Walter come to his senses: 

Hmp, maybe we need a police force of children... you children last night made Walter Cunningham stand in my shoes for a minute. That was enough. 

The "shoe" theme is repeated in Chapter 23. Bob Ewell has confronted Atticus and spit in his face. Atticus does not retaliate. When Jem asks why, Atticus says: 

Jem, see if you can stand in Bob Ewell’s shoes a minute. I destroyed his last shred of credibility at that trial, if he had any to begin with. The man had to have some kind of comeback, his kind always does. So if spitting in my face and threatening me saved Mayella Ewell one extra beating, that’s something I’ll gladly take. He had to take it out on somebody and I’d rather it be me than that houseful of children out there. 

Atticus considers Bob's perspective on things, but more importantly, he considers Mayella's as well. 

At the end of the novel, Scout recalls all of these "shoe" lessons: 

Atticus was right. One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough.