The Odyssey begins with an invocation of the Muse, one of the nine daughters of Zeus, who are associated with artistic inspiration. It's sort of like a prayer in which the poet asks the Muse to either help him tell the story or to grant him divine inspiration so that he can eloquently tell the story of a great hero; sometimes the poet even asks the Muse to speak directly through him. Each Muse is responsible for a certain area of art -- one is responsible for history, another for music and song, another for love poetry, etc. -- but the Muse one calls when writing an epic poem is Calliope because epic poetry is her sphere. This invocation, or calling to the Muse, is considered to be a convention of epic poetry because it is typical for the poet to request such assistance at the beginning of epic poems.
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