The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support is known as the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. When the population of the individuals goes beyond that number, overpopulation is said to exist.
An ecosystem is composed of a number of factors, including both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors include living organisms, while abiotic factors include non-living things like water, air, space, etc. Since these quantities are in a finite amount, there is a limit to how many individuals can be supported by them. Think about the seating arrangement at a wedding reception. If there are only 40 seating spaces available, only 40 guests can be accommodated, not more. Same is the scenario with the ecosystem.
In the case of human beings, overpopulation results in emigration or expansion of habitation to newer regions.
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