RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It is a molecule that is linear in shape and is similar to DNA, which RNA is synthesized and created from. RNA differs from DNA in that RNA is single stranded. RNA also contains four different nucleotide bases. These bases consist of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. It is created from DNA by molecules known as RNA polymerases, and can come in three different types. These types are known as transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and ribosomal RNA, with each having a slightly different function in the cell. There is also snRNA (small nuclear RNA), but the other three are the primary types.
Following transcription, ribosomes in the cell use RNA to create proteins that are important for cellular function. This process, known as translation, is what regulates the amount and type of proteins being produced in the cell that are vital for cell survival.
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