Biofuels work in pretty much the same way as standard fossil fuels (such as gasoline and diesel). That is, they undergo combustion and produce gases and energy, which is used to power our vehicles and/or generate energy for other purposes (such as heating the houses or office, among others).
Biofuels are made from biological matter. That is, plants, animals or waste materials. Plants such as corn or sugarcane can be converted to ethanol. We can also use oil extracted from Jatropha plants or palm as biofuel. Animal fat can also be converted to oil. Irrespective of the feed stock, chemical reactions are used to convert them to usable fuel. The biofuel thus obtained can be directly used or, in most of the cases, blended with standard fuel. For example, ethanol can be added to gasoline or biodiesel can be added to standard diesel. These biofuels undergo combustion in the vehicle engines and provide energy to run them.
Biofuels have received a lot of attention due to the fact that they are renewable, as compared to fossil fuels. We can grow as much crop as we want and replenish the biofuel.
Hope this helps.
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