Charlie's goal of use of water per day = 50 gallons
Water consumption for 30 days = `50xx30 ` = 1500 gallons
Charlies water bill indication of usage = 1524 gallons
1500 < 1524
Expected usage < Actual usage
So we can see that charlie's usage of water is little bit higher than her expected usage.
Charlie has not met her goal.
To understand this question, it's important to take a look at the definition of velocity. Velocity is a measurement of the rate of change of speed and direction of an object (in this case, a stream). Velocity is a vector quantity, but this question asks you to consider the absolute value (scalar magnitude) of the velocity vector, which is speed.
The formula for velocity is:
v=d/t
where
v = velocity (sometimes denoted with r for rate)
d = distance
t = time
However, a stream isn't moving in one straight line at a single rate of movement. On top of that, additional influences such as gravity play a huge role in calculating stream velocity. To answer this question, you will need to consider Bernoulli's Equation:
1/2ρv^2 + ρgh + p = constant
where
ρ(rho) = density
v = velocity (of the stream)
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = elevation
p = pressure
From this, you can see that a decrease in velocity will signify an increase in density and/or pressure. Of course, you can also imagine that a decrease in velocity is an effect of a decrease in elevation (gravitational acceleration from potential > kinetic energy).
Please let me know if you have follow up questions and/or if any of this explanation is unclear. I'm happy to clarify and/or expand on this response.
David Fromkin's “A Peace to End All Peace” chronicles British politics in the Middle East, i.e., the Ottoman Empire, during and following World War I. It is important to remember that the Middle Eastern countries we know today as Syria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, etc. did not exist before the First World War. Those territories and their Arab inhabitants were controlled by and subject to the Ottoman Empire. The decisions made by the British, primarily, but also the French, and Russians during WWI followed by the post war decisions made by the Big Three powers — Britain, France, United States — at the peace notations in Versailles constituted a new map of the region.
Fromkin focuses on the British policy decisions at the Cabinet level as well as Sir Henry McMahon, the British High Commissioner in Egypt and Sharif Hussein of Mecca. There was much confusion and deception in the years between 1914 and 1922. Many, including Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, deferred to Secretary of State for War Herbert Kitchener, who had had spent man years (from the early 1880s in the late 1890s) serving the British Crown in Palestine, Egypt, and the Sudan, as the expert on the Middle East. The British also relied heavily on the advice of a Arab “defector” named Muhammed Sharif al-Faruqi who claimed Arab officers were ready to revolt if the British made a deal with them. Al-Faruqi turned out to be a fraud.
Two conflicting arrangements were made for control of Arab-speaking territories in the Middle East. One, known as the McMahon Letters (between Sir Henry McMahon and Sharif Hussein of Mecca), promised Arab independence from the Ottomans in return for support of the British/Allies in the war. And the other, in March 1916 the Sikes-Picot Agreement (or Asia Minor Agreement), was a secret agreement produced by the Allied Powers in Europe to divide Asia Minor into spheres of influence (not independent sovereign entities as the McMahon letters promised) for the benefit of Britain and France with assent from Russia. (Keep in mind, this did not include the UnitedStates who had not yet entered the war; in fact, the agreement was in direct opposition to one of then U.S.President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points—no secret treaties—which were presented to Congress in January 1918.) According to Sikes-Picot, the British were to control northern regions along the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River into Jordan, southern Iraq and Haifa and Acre; the French were to control southeastern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and northern Iraq; and the Russians got Istanbul, the Turkish Straits and Armenia.
Following changes in leadership in Britain and France, and Russia’s exit from the war, a third agreement, the 1919 Balfour Declaration based on a letter written by Arthur James Balfour in 1917, became a further, and probably greater, source of conflict. The Balfour Declaration promised Jewish people a homeland in Palestine with British backing. At the same time, the Palestinians were given private/secret promises to uphold their sovereignty that would not materialize.
Negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference in the spring of 1919, were complicated as the Big Four powers—now Britain, France, The United States and Italy—pressed for their own concerns in the Middle East, i.e., to divide up the spoils between the winners of the Great War. The more neutral negotiating party, U.S. President Wilson, called for colonial claims to be revoked and for self-determination for the inhabitants of former colonial territories. The Mandate system won the day and divided specific spheres of influence between Britain and France. It was signed into international law as of June 22, 1919, by the League of Nations Charter in Article 22.
From the beginning of his text, Fromkin asserts that the British were responsible for and forced the settlement upon the Middle East in 1922. He saw the giant in the room, the British Empire, making the decisions. Later in the war, especially after the failed Battle of Gallipoli, the devastating results of the Battle of the Somme, and Russia's abrupt departure from the war in a secret treaty with Germany, only Britain's new Prime Minister David Lloyd George eyed the Middle East with great desire. The new French Premier, Georges Clemenceau, showed less interest in the territory than his 3 WWI predecessors as he felt France was already overextended internationally. Russia, of course, now alined with Germany in the Treaty of Brest Litovsk, was in no position to demand their fair share of the Middle East. Nevertheless, David Lloyd George tried to play on Europe's innate desire for colonial control against Wilson’s call for peace without victory and self-determination for former colonies in the region during peace negotiations at Versailles.
In this poem, a husband and wife are sitting in their cottage when the man asks the wife why she is staring at the candle so intently: "Unblinking with those great lost luminous eyes?" She replies that she is watching a moth burn in the flame. Fall is coming. The husband comments that "moths fly in from the heather" now that the days "decline." The wife tells her husband she is going out into the moonlight, and her husband, "little heeding," goes back to his history book. Outside, the woman meets her lover. She says the moth he sent as signal to her to meet him is all burnt up, and she comments she might be better off suffering the same fate, because she has broken her marriage vows. Then a ghostly "Ancient Briton" speaks from a "tumulus" or ancient burial ground, that is now covered with pine trees, to say that thwarted love has not changed between his day and the present.
In the first part of the poem, we sense the distance and tension between the husband and wife. They are in the same room but in different worlds, unable to communicate. He is lost in his history book: "the annal of ages gone." This is ironic because he misses the "age old" (as the "Ancient Briton" tells us) drama of adultery going on right beneath his nose. The wife, meantime, is also lost, staring at the moth in the flame and seeing herself in it.
The moth in the flame is a dark, unpleasant image. 'Its wings and legs are turning/To a cinder rapidly," the woman tells her husband, and later she says to her lover that it is "burnt and broken." The moth represents the woman, who feels trapped between an unsatisfying marriage and a love affair she believes is wrong because it has "shattered" her "marriage troth [vows]." We see how hopeless and unhappy she feels as she identifies with the "poor moth." She seems to blame her lover for her destructive affair which she believes is going to end up leaving her "burnt and broken." "You lured me out," she accuses him. Their passion is not the warming fire of love but the destructive fire that incinerates a helpless creature.
The poem, in which nobody has a name, and little is described in detail except for the moth and the burial mound, underscores the timelessness of this situation. We know nothing about the wife or the husband or the lover.
The last stanza, in which a ghost suddenly speaks, can be confusing. We might remember that, although a rationalist, Hardy liked to put ghosts into his poems, doing so more than 40 times. In "Disembodied Voices in Hardy's Shorter Poems,: Vern Lentz notes that "The Moth-Signal" ...[uses a] spectral voice to comment rudely and tauntingly on the romantic affairs of men and women. ... the ghost speaks only at the end ... the ghost's voice is a jarring intrusion into a dramatized human situation."
The answer to this question is surely something of a personal one. Not everyone will find the United States special for the same reason. My own view, for example, is probably influenced by the fact that I am a person of mixed race. You should think about what it is about America that is special for you, personally.
For me, what is special about America is that it is the only democracy in the world whose society is fairly cohesive and unified even though is not held together by a common ethnic heritage. In other democracies, people feel a connection to one another because they all share the same heritage. Almost everyone in Japan, for example, is ethnically Japanese. They can all feel bound together by their country’s long history, which their ancestors were all a part of. In France, most people are ethnically French and share that country’s history. To the extent that there are racial minorities in France, they are not well integrated into society and France is a weaker society because of that. The same is true of Germany, where most people share a common language and history and where immigrant groups have a hard time assimilating.
Of course, the United States has racial and ethnic problems. We are not a perfect country. However, we do have a fairly cohesive society that does not really set Hispanics, Asians, whites, and African Americans against one another. We have this even though we do not share a common heritage. Even the white people in our country came from many different countries of origin. Somehow, even though our ancestors might have been born on different continents, or might been from countries that hated one another, we are all Americans. Our country has the ability to make everyone feel that they can be a part of our society, regardless of their background.
Because of my racial background, I could live in Japan for years and no one would ever think I was Japanese. The same would be true if I lived in Germany or France. Here in the US, however, essentially no one questions the idea that I can be just as much of an American as someone whose ancestors came over on the Mayflower. This is, to me, why the United States is special.
Valve replacement surgery is a procedure used when a heart
valve no longer functions properly. There are several reasons that a heart valve may fail. Sometimes, a major defect present at birth must be repaired immediately. Minor defects present at birth may go undetected for years. When and if these minor defects become worse as a result of aging, valve replacement surgery may be necessary. Another cause of heart valve damage is infection. Rheumatic fever
can cause the scarring of a valve. These scars can become more of a problem with age, and surgery may eventually be necessary. Bacterial endocarditis
is another type of infection that can damage the heart very quickly. Valve replacement surgery is often needed as a result of this type of infection.
When a heart valve is damaged, the result is usually stenosis or regurgitation. Stenosis
occurs when the valve becomes thick and hard. As a result, normal blood flow through the valve is obstructed. A valve that becomes stretched or weak may not close properly, resulting in blood flowing backward through the valve; this is called regurgitation. When the blood flows through an abnormal valve, turbulence occurs and a sound is made. This sound, called a murmur, generally can be heard with a stethoscope.
When a heart valve fails to function properly, the ability of the heart to do work is impaired. In an attempt to maintain normal work levels, the heart begins to enlarge, or experience hypertrophy
. When further hypertrophy is no longer possible, the heart fails. This condition will result in permanent damage to the heart muscle and eventually death. Some of the symptoms of valve problems include chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, temporary blindness, slurred speech, weakness, numbness, lack of coordination, unusually rapid weight gain, fatigue, and loss of consciousness. These symptoms are typically the result of inadequate blood flow, particularly to the brain.
In some cases, surgery can be used to repair the valve. Many times, however, the damage is too extensive for this type of surgery, and the valve must be replaced. The replacement valve may come from a deceased person’s heart or from an animal’s heart (usually that of a pig), or it may be a mechanical (prosthetic) valve. Prosthetic valves are made from metal, plastic, or carbon ceramic.
During valve replacement surgery, the chest is opened to expose the heart. Blood flow through the heart is diverted through an oxygenator and a pump that maintains the flow of oxygenated blood throughout the body. The surgeon removes the damaged valve and sutures a replacement valve to the heart. Upon completion of the surgery, if the replaced valve functions effectively, normal blood flow is restored through the heart.
Heart valve replacement is a very reliable procedure. Although problems with the new valve are possible, the majority of these surgeries are quite effective. Nevertheless, there are two long-term concerns for the patient. Blood thinners or anticoagulants—drugs that slow the clotting process and may prevent blood clots—are usually required with prosthetic valves. These drugs help prevent blood from coagulating in and around the new valve. Some patients must also take antibiotics to prevent additional infections in the heart. Antibiotics are needed especially when patients visit the dentist, when bleeding is likely. If bleeding occurs, bacteria may enter the blood and become lodged in the replacement valve. The ensuing infection can cause further damage to the heart.
When one compares the use of tissue versus mechanical (prosthetic) valves for replacement, some differences emerge. In general, tissue valves work better. In addition, they are less likely to require drugs to increase blood-clotting time. On the other hand, they are harder to obtain. With more people acting as donors and with better preservation techniques becoming available, tissue replacements are preferred.
Mechanical valves were first used as replacements for damaged valves in the early 1960s. In 1962, the initial clinical use of tissue valves was described. Tissue valve replacements were conducted simultaneously by Donald Ross in England and Sir Brian Barratt-Boyes in New Zealand. The acceptance of tissue valve use was slow because the number of donors was small and the methods for preserving valves for later use were poor. The result was shorter survival times for the replacement valves used in the 1960s and early 1970s.
By the 1980s, better preservation techniques were developed, which allowed surgeons to use living human tissue. These replacements have been found to be superior to nonliving tissues and mechanical valves. In the future, both mechanical and tissue replacements will continue to be used, based on availability and the specific needs of the patient. Newer, less invasive surgical approaches are being investigated in clinical trials.
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Kramer, Gerri Freid, and Shari Mauer. Parent’s Guide to Children’s Congenital Heart Defects: What They Are, How to Treat Them, How to Cope with Them. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001.
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Given (6, 2), `-3x+4y=-5`
`-3x+4y=-5`
`-3x+4y+5=0`
Let A=-3, B=4, C=5, x1=6, and y1=2
Find the distance between the point and the line using the formula
`d=|Ax_1+By_1+C|/sqrt(A^2+B^2)`
`d=|(-3)(6)+(4)(2)+5|/ [sqrt((-3)^2+(4^2))]`
`d=|-18+8+5|/sqrt(9+16)=5/5=1`
` `
The distance between the point and the line is 1 unit.
