Tuesday, November 17, 2015

`int_(sqrt(2)/3)^(2/3) (dx)/(x^5 sqrt(9x^2 - 1))` Evaluate the integral

`int_(sqrt(2)/3)^(2/3)1/(x^5sqrt(9x^2-1))dx`


Let's first evaluate the indefinite integral by integral substitution,


Let `x=1/3sec(u)`


`=>dx=1/3sec(u)tan(u)du`


`int1/(x^5sqrt(9x^2-1))dx=int(1/((1/3sec(u))^5sqrt(9(1/3sec(u))^2-1)))1/3sec(u)tan(u)du`


`=int(1/(1/243sec^5(u)sqrt(sec^2(u)-1)))1/3sec(u)tan(u)du`


Now use the identity:`sec^2(theta)=1+tan^2(theta)`


`=int(243/(3sec^5(u)sqrt(1+tan^2(u)-1)))sec(u)tan(u)du`


`=int(81sec(u)tan(u))/(sec^5(u)sqrt(tan^2(u)))du`


`=81int1/(sec^4(u))du`


`=81intcos^4(u)du`


Now let's use the identity:`cos^2(theta)=(1+cos(2theta))/2`


`=81int((1+cos(2u))/2)^2du`


`=81int(1+cos^2(2u)+2cos(2u))/4du`


`=81int(1/4+(cos^2(2u))/4+1/2cos(2u))du`


`=81(int1/4du+int(cos^2(2u))/4du+int(cos(2u))/2du)`


`=81(u/4+1/4int(1+cos(4u))/2du+1/2intcos(2u)du)`


`=81(u/4+1/4int(1/2+cos(4u)/2)du+1/2(sin(2u))/2)`


`=81(u/4+1/4(int1/2du+intcos(4u)/2du)+1/4sin(2u))`


`=81(u/4+1/4(u/2+1/2sin(4u)/4)+1/4sin(2u))`  `=81(u/4+u/8+sin(4u)/32+sin(2u)/4)`


`=81((3u)/8+sin(4u)/32+sin(2u)/4)` 


Now recall that we have used `x=1/3sec(u)`


`=>sec(u)=3x`


`=>cos(u)=1/(3x)`


`=>u=arccos(1/(3x))`


Substitute back u and add a constant C to the solution,


`=81(3/8arccos(1/(3x))+1/32sin(4arccos(1/(3x)))+1/4sin(2arccos(1/(3x))))+C`


Now let's evaluate the definite integral,


`int_(sqrt(2)/3)^(2/3)dx/(x^5sqrt(9x^2-1))=81[3/8arccos(1/(3x))+1/32sin(4arccos(1/(3x)))+1/4sin(2arccos(1/(3x)))]_(sqrt(2)/3)^(2/3)`


`=81[3/8arccos(1/2)+1/32sin(4arccos(1/2))+1/4sin(2arccos(1/2))]-81[3/8arccos(1/sqrt(2))+1/32sin(4arccos(1/sqrt(2)))+1/4sin(2arccos(1/sqrt(2)))]`


`=81[3/8*pi/3+1/32sin(4*pi/3)+1/4sin(2*pi/3)]-81[3/8*pi/4+1/32sin(4*pi/4)+1/4sin(2*pi/4)]`


`=81[pi/8+1/32sin((4pi)/3)+1/4sin((2pi)/3)]-81[(3pi)/32+1/32sin(pi)+1/4sin(pi/2)]`


`=81[pi/8+1/32(-sqrt(3)/2)+1/4(sqrt(3)/2)]-81[(3pi)/32+1/32(0)+1/4(1)]`


`=81[pi/8+sqrt(3)/2(-1/32+1/4)-(3pi)/32-1/4]`


`=81[pi/8-(3pi)/32+sqrt(3)/2(7/32)-1/4]`


`=81[pi/32+(7sqrt(3))/64-1/4]`

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