Photosynthesis is the processes by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, into glucose and oxygen. The relevant chemical equation for the process can be written as:
`6CO_2 + 6H_2O + sunlight -> C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2`
Respiration or cellular respiration is the process by which organisms convert glucose to energy. The relevant chemical reaction is written as:
`C_6H_12O_6 + 6O_2 -> 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP`
As one can see, both photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes. That is, each uses the products of the other as the reactants.
Both the processes are necessary for living organisms. Photosynthesis provides glucose and oxygen, while respiration provides energy to carry out life functions. Both the processes take place in living organisms.
Photosynthesis can only take place during the sunlight hours, while respiration can take place anytime. Also, all organisms are capable of respiration. In comparison, photosynthesis is carried out (mainly) by green plants, algae and some bacteria.
Hope this helps.
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