Sunday, February 19, 2012

What are the similarities between Lincoln's, Johnson's, and Congress's plans for Reconstruction?

There were very few things that were similar about these three plans. Lincoln's plan had evolved by his death to include such measures as voting rights for African-American war veterans, so this was a major departure from Johnson's plan. Overall, Congressional Reconstruction featured a much greater emphasis on equality for freedmen in the South, and the federal government played a much more prominent role in making this happen. Such measures as the Freedmen's Bureau, the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and the administration of the former Confederacy by military governors featured in Congressional Reconstruction, which was promoted by a faction of so-called "Radical" Republicans. Johnson vetoed congressional legislation aimed at establishing these measures. The main feature that these plans for Reconstruction all shared was an acceptance that slavery had to be abolished and that the Southern states, or at least their leaders, had to renounce the Confederacy and swear allegiance to the Union in order to regain admission. But Congressional Reconstruction was far more attentive to the rights of African-Americans than Johnson's vision for Reconstruction.

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